Perinatal Mental Health Midwife - 1781 Words

Application for Temporary perinatal health midwife There is increasing awareness of perinatal mental health as a public health issue. The Government is keen for midwives to further develop their role in public health. Midwives need to be adequately prepared to take on a more developed role in perinatal mental health if practice improvements are to be made. I am aware that death from psychiatric causes has been the leading cause of maternal death for the last few years. Although the most recent Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health indicated that this is no longer a leading cause, mental health problems before and after childbirth have a significant impact on the health of women, family relationships and children’s subsequent†¦show more content†¦I am a naturally creative person who enjoys implementing evidence based practice change at a strategic and operational level. I am very excited about the opportunity to be potentially involved with designing an E-learning package. Whilst working with other expert s in this industry I have gained some knowledge in the process of elearning development. I think that routine antenatal and postnatal care present an excellent opportunity to screen the mental health of pregnant women and women with a new baby. To do this effectively however, requires working more collaboratively across different professions to meet the needs of our patients. Having the post of a specialist midwife in mental health could allow me to provide focused care to pregnant women with mental illness. This could include co-morbid substance alcohol misuse problems. I envisage the role as working closely with a perinatal psychiatry team at W.M.U.H and as an important point of liaison between the other midwives, especially safeguarding and case loading midwives, obstetricians, health visitors, child and family social services, obstetricians in the hospital, and mental health services. A useful means to achieve partnership working would be for the S.M.M.H to attend the weekly mi dwifery team meeting. Here, all midwifery community and labour ward teams meet to discuss the caseload and update the antenatal progress notes. This provides a valuable opportunity for potential referralsShow MoreRelatedThe Uk System Is That Of Health Visitors1665 Words   |  7 Pagesthat of health visitors. Through the Healthy Child Programme and the Health Visiting Implementation Plan, the NHS provides new mothers and their families with additional support starting in the postpartum period and lasting through the child’s first five years of life (Department of Health, 2011). Health visitors are usually qualified nurses or midwives who underwent specialized training are to work in the community and family health field. They are also skilled at detecting mental health problemsRead MoreMaternity Care Of Women With Mental Health Issues1500 Words   |  6 Pagesmaternity care of women with mental health issues will be analysed and discussed in conjunction with contemporary so ciety and health care provision. Raynor and Oates (2014) portray pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium as a significant but normal life-changing event that can transform lives of women and lead to intensified levels of anxiety, emotion, self-doubt, stress and strain due to the responsibilities of parenthood and changes this presents to family dynamics. Mental health is described by WHORead MoreThe Mental Health Of Perinatal Mental Illness2199 Words   |  9 PagesPerinatal mental illness is a collective term used to describe mental illnesses experienced by at least 10% of women during pregnancy and up until a year after birth (Hogg, 2014). Mental health is with paramount importance to the role of the midwife (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), 2014) as mental illness is a significant threat to the lives of mothers and can have a huge effect for their babies and families (Knight et al., 2015). Between 2009 and 2013 there were 161Read MoreDepression and Pregnancy1959 Words   |  8 Pagessymptomology, was measured using a validated revised form of the Beck Depression Inventory, commonly used during the perinatal period. The independent variables were women who were of both low and high socioeconomic status. â€Å"In this research, all indicators of depression in women of low socioeconomic status were ele vated compared to other studies using the Beck Depression Inventory in the perinatal period†. The results showed that 49.6% of women from the low socioeconomic status suffered from depression whereRead MoreThe Health Care Options Available During Pregnancy2378 Words   |  10 PagesThere are many health care options available during pregnancy, so why would a mother want to choose a midwife? Midwifery is a natural approach to labor and delivery that offers a less intrusive kind of birthing environment, more birthing options, and midwives are able to accommodate the specific needs and wants of the mother. â€Å"Midwives attend approximately 10% of births in the U.S. across all settings, including hospitals, birth centers, and home births. In every setting, midwife-led maternity careRead MoreThe Issues Of The Midwifery And Obstetrics2294 Words   |  10 Pagesbeen a rise in how many births are attended by nurse midwives than it was a quarter of a century ago but the number of births attended by an obstetrician gynecologist (OBGYN) is still significantly higher. Faced with either option, OBGYN or nurse midwife, women of childbearing age are not adequately informed or are misinformed on their choices when it comes to each specialty. This paper explores the issue of women being thoroughly informed on their birth options and on which provider is necessaryRead MoreChildhood Illness : A Look At Postpartum Depression1538 Words   |  7 PagesMaternal Mental illness: A look at Postpartum Depression, its new inclusion into DSM-5, and treatment issues Antonella Uribe John Jay College of Criminal Justice INTRODUCTION Sandra was a 26 year old mother of four children who had been married for eight years. She had given birth to her fourth child two months ago, with the help of a midwife. Due to her husband’s recent pay cut, and already difficult financial situation, Sandra did not receive any antenatal or postnatalRead MoreSafeguarding Children Essay4843 Words   |  20 Pagesattended by the CDAT key worker, safeguarding midwife, health visitor, GP, social worker. The pre – birth conference took place as mum was concealing her pregnancy and that she was heavily * * DAY 1 Jack was born by caesarean section because they were concerns with the Zoe. Zoe was unwell – she had a heart valve problem. Jack was admitted to the intensive care unit, needing ventilation support for six hours 12pm * Safeguarding midwife aware that Jack been born, states that all peopleRead MoreNursing Philosophy : Nursing And Nursing Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelop into rules and regulations for future nurses. As a nurse it is important to create the best environment for patients, family members and co-workers. After graduating from high school I obtained my STNA and then began my college career in the health field as a physical therapy major. This past year I transitioned to nursing after seeing how much more I am able to work directly with patients. The reasoning behind my nursing philosophy is that I have gained knowledge and love for the professionRead MoreEssay about Cheryl Postpartum Depression Theory2852 Words   |  12 Pagesprimary goal was to produce a study/research in which humanity (through what one experienced) was represented in its’ relation to PPD. Components of the Theory The use of Beck’s theory on PPD is a relevant tool for any provider, whether midwife, childbirth educator, or nurse, to enhance the care provided to pregnant and postpartum clientele. Providers that interact with this particular clientele for a limited time need to be diligent to recognize signs and symptoms of PPD. Not only do

Rondell Data Corp Case Study - 5285 Words

Case 20: Rondell Data Corporation John A. Seeger Bentley College Damn it, hes done it again! Frank Forbus threw the stack of prints and specifications down on his desk in disgust. The Model 802 wide-band modulator, released for production the previous Thursday, had just come back to Franks Engineering Services Department with a caustic note that began, This one cant be produced, either. . . . It was the fourth time Production had kicked the design back. Frank Forbus, director of engineering for Rondell Data Corp., was normally a quiet man. But the Model 802 was stretching his patience; it was beginning to look just like other new products that had hit delays and problems in the†¦show more content†¦How does it look in Engineering, Frank? Ive just reviewed the design for the second time, Frank replied. If Ron Porter can keep the salesmen out of our hair, and avoid any more last minute changes, weve got a shot. Ive pulled the draftsmen off three other overdue jobs to get this one out. But, Dave, that means we cant spring engineers loose to confer with your production people on manufacturing problems. Well, Frank, most of those problems are caused by the engineers, and we need them to resolve the difficulties. Weve all agreed that production bugs come from both of us bowing to sales pressure, and putting equipment into production before the designs are really ready. Thats just what were trying to avoid on the 802. But I cant have 500 people sitting on their hands waiting for an answer from your people. Well have to have some engineering support. Bill Hunt broke in, So long as you two can talk calmly about the problem Im confident you can resolve it. What a relief it is, Frank, to hear the way youre approaching this. With Kilmann (the previous director of engineering) this conversation would have been a shouting match. Right, Dave? Dave nodded and smiled. Now theres one other thing you should both be aware of, Hunt continued. Doc Reeves and I talked last night about a new filtering technique, one that might improve

Urbanisation City and Urban Areas Free Essays

string(84) " needs to be immediately addressed in virtually all cities in the developing world\." Introduction Urbanization is increasing in both the developed and developing countries. However, rapid urbanization, particularly the growth of large cities, and the associated problems of unemployment, poverty, inadequate health, poor sanitation, urban slums and environmental degradation pose a formidable challenge in many developing countries. Available statistics show that more than half of the world’s 6. We will write a custom essay sample on Urbanisation: City and Urban Areas or any similar topic only for you Order Now 6 billion people live in urban areas, crowded into 3 percent of the earth’s land area (Angotti, 1993; UNFPA, 1993). The proportion of the world’s population living in urban areas, which was less than 5 percent in 1800 increased to 47 percent in 2000 and is expected to reach 65 percent in 2030 (United Nations, 1990; 1991). However, more than 90 percent of future population growth will be concentrated in cities in developing countries and a large percentage of this population will be poor. In Africa and Asia where urbanization is still considerably lower (40 percent), both are expected to be 54 percent urban by 2025 (UN 1995; 2002). Although urbanization is the driving force for modernization, economic growth and development, there is increasing concern about the effects of expanding cities, principally on human health, livelihoods and the environment. The implications of rapid urbanization and demographic trends for employment, food security, water supply, shelter and sanitation, especially the disposal of wastes (solid and liquid) that the cities produce are staggering (UNCED, 1992). The question that arises is whether the current trend in urban growth is sustainable considering the accompanying urban challenges such as unemployment, slum development, poverty and environmental degradation, especially in the developing countries. Urbanization defined Urbanization, simply defined, is the shift from a rural to an urban society, and involves an increase in the number of people in urban areas during a particular year. Urbanization is the outcome of social, economic and political developments that lead to urban concentration and growth of large cities, changes in land use and transformation from rural to metropolitan pattern of organization and governance. Major causes of urbanization Natural population increase (high births than death) and migration are significant factors in the growth of cities in the developing countries. The natural increase is fuelled by improved medical care, better sanitation and improved food supplies, which reduce death rates and cause populations to grow. In many developing countries, it is rural poverty that drives people from the rural areas into the city in search of employment, food, shelter and education. Most people move into the urban areas because they are ‘pushed’ out by factors such as poverty, environmental degradation, religious strife, political persecution, food insecurity and lack of basic infrastructure and services in the rural areas or because they are ‘pulled’ into the urban areas by the advantages and opportunities of the city including education, electricity, water etc. Even though in many African countries the urban areas offer few jobs for the youth, they are often attracted there by the amenities of urban life (Tarver, 1996). Processes of urbanization One significant feature of the urbanization process in today’s local governments is that much of the growth is taking place in the absence of significant industrial expansion. Although local municipalities are fast urbanizing, mega-cities defined as cities with 10 million inhabitants or more are few. Urbanization also finds expression principally in outward expansion of the built-up area and conversion of prime agricultural lands into residential and industrial uses. An alternative to the present expansion of the urban population across a wide area of the country in order to save prime land for agriculture is to construct high-rise buildings and promote commercial development in specific zones, which would depend on effective, appropriate technology and resources. The urbanization processes are largely driven by market forces and policies of local governments that lead to simultaneous processes of change in livelihoods, land use, health and natural resources management including water, soil and forests and often reactive changes in local governance. Government development policies and budget allocations, which often favour urban residents over rural areas, tend to pull people into the urban areas. In the cities, public investment, which often misses the urban poor, with expenditures biased towards the higher-income classes and poverty among vulnerable groups such as new migrants force them into slums and squatter settlements. Challenges of urbanisation Cities throughout the world exhibit an incredible diversity of characteristics, economic structures, levels of infrastructure, historic origins, patterns of growth, and degrees of formal planning. Yet, many of the problems that they face are strikingly familiar. For one thing, as cities grow, they become increasingly diverse. Every city has its relatively more affluent and relatively poorer neighborhoods. But in developing countries, poorer neighborhoods can have dramatically lower levels of basic services. Consequently, a large number of urban residents in developing countries suffer to a greater or lesser extent from severe environmental health challenges associated with insufficient access to clean drinking water, inadequate sewerage facilities, and insufficient solid waste disposal. A major recent United Nations report on the state of water and sanitation in the world’s cities found that water distribution systems in many cities in the developing world are inadequate, typically serving the city’s upper- and middle-class neighborhoods but not rapidly expanding settlements on the urban fringe. Furthermore, the current data on the provision of water and sanitation in urban areas is very weak and the true situation is actually far worse than most international statistics suggest [20]. The large projected increases in the numbers of urban residents in the developing world over the next 20–30 years implies that municipal authorities responsible for these sectors face very serious challenges in the years ahead. In many cities, the scarcity of public water supplies forces many low-income urban residents to use other water sources such as private water vendors who charge many times more than the local public rate. Consequently, people in slums often must pay much more for lower quality water than other urban residents [21]. Improving public sanitation is another major urban environmental challenge that needs to be immediately addressed in virtually all cities in the developing world. You read "Urbanisation: City and Urban Areas" in category "Papers" Failure to collect garbage as well as inadequate waste management and recycling policies and practices mean that cities are being inundated in their own waste. In African cities, waste management has been described as ‘a monster that has aborted most efforts made by city authorities, state and federal governments and professionals alike’ [22]. As is the case of the water supply distribution network, sewerage systems are far better at meeting the needs of upper- and middle-class neighborhoods than they are of servicing poorer neighborhoods, particularly unregulated neighborhoods on the urban periphery. A major environmental crisis is looming large as many developing countries as cities discharge ever increasing amounts of waste into the air or into freshwater bodies, threatening water quality and aquatic ecosystems. The extent that urban growth affects the local ecosystem can be controlled to some extent by high quality land management. Land is an essential ingredient in all urban growth, yet in most cities there have been virtually no effective measures to control land development. Although many cities have formulated master plans at some time or another that included guidelines on land development and the future direction of urban growth, rarely, if ever, have these plans been realized. Reasons for this include poor urban governance, poor critical assumptions-urban population projections underpinning these plans have often been extremely weak-and the inability of plans to be adjusted and refined in the light of changing conditions, such as the invasion and settling of unused public space. Devising equitable land development policies remains one of the largest challenges facing planners and policy makers in many cities in the developing world. Congestion in many large cities can also be extremely severe and air pollution is now a serious environmental concern in many cities. Concentrations of carbon monoxide, lead, and suspended particulate matter in many large cities greatly exceed World Health Organization guidelines. Among the greatest environmental health concerns are exposure to fine particulate matter and to lead which contributes to learning disability in young children. A popular response to urban transportation congestion problems has been government investment in large-scale public transportation systems such as underground or overland metro systems. Less attention has been devoted to expanding and improving public bus networks, which tend to be overcrowded and poorly maintained. In many cities, private mini-bus companies have filled a hole in the market by providing low-cost urban transportation where standard bus routes have proved insufficient. Conclusion Around the world, especially in Africa and Asia, cities are expanding rapidly. For the majority of urban dwellers, especially the poor, finding potable water supply, affordable shelter, accessible and secure urban land for agriculture to ensure food security, securing gainful employment and improvement in health facilities would continue to remain a priority. Since restrictive urban growth policies, especially population distribution designed to reduce the rate of rural-urban migration appear to have had limited success in many developing countries, policies must be directed at transforming the rural economy in order to slow the rate of urban sprawl. Comprehensive land use planning and revision of planning standards and administrative procedures would, go a long way to, reduce many of the problems that face urban populations in the developing areas, especially Africa. A Vision for Healthy Urbanization in the 21st Century: Challenges and Opportunities for China Dr Henk Bekedam WHO Representative, China Healthy urbanization: a framework for action in China China’s Scientific Concept of Development rightly considers urbanization not only as means to further boost economic growth, but also as means to improve the life of people in China. In this context, given the health risks associated with urbanization, it is very appropriate and necessary to put people’s health squarely on the urbanization agenda. Putting people’s health on the urbanization agenda is, however, a very complex task that requires concerted government policy actions across many sectors. Specifically, in order to alleviate the impact of urbanization on people’s health, government policies need to promote quality of urban life, environmental sustainability, health awareness, equitable access to basic health-related services and accountability of local government officials and people working in private enterprises for people’s health. A. Quality of urban life International experience suggests that to promote quality of urban life, government particularly needs to act in three related areas: First, design and develop urban peripheries for people as well as for economic activity. This includes, moving industries out of the city centers and synchronizing the emergence of jobs in industries with housing and public infrastructure/services in urban peripheries. Second, design and develop user-friendly transport network. In this context, it is crucial to support public transport network and space for bicyclists and pedestrians, and thus reduce the necessity and advantages of relying on own car. Third, provide suitable space for physical activities and recreation. Cultivating green areas and â€Å"escape zones† in urban centers and peripheries encourages people to stay fit and healthy. B. Environmental sustainability To promote environmental sustainability in urban development, government needs to enforce strict measures toward environmental protection and support environment-friendly investments. Specifically, it is a crucial role for the government to enforce environmental standards, and invest into systems and projects improving the use of energy and energy conservation. In particular, the government needs to establish adequate pricing mechanisms for utilities to end the wasteful use of energy and water that is associated with blanket price subsidies. Similarly, the government needs to enforce energy-efficient construction practices. Critical are also investments into municipal waste management and environment-friendly technologies. C. Health awareness As urbanization is changing people’s lifestyles, promoting health awareness is critical. The government particularly needs to act on two accounts. First, disseminating health information and promoting healthy lifestyles. Easy access to information about nutrition, healthy habits, and health risks can positively affect people’s behavior. To be effective, information dissemination needs to be complemented with active policies to support early child development, and sports and healthy habits in schools; and to nurture the positive image of healthy lifestyles. For instance, cycling to work would be again a sign of advancement and not backwardness! Second, developing and enforcing adequate health-related regulations. This important task involves all relevant sectors. It involves the market. It involves developing system to manage people’s safety: traffic safety, environmental safety, occupational safety, patient safety, food safety and making public places smoke free. Finally, it involves mechanisms toward quality and cost-control in the health system. D. Equitable access to essential health services The possible negative health effects of urbanization underline the importance of enabling all people to have access to essential health services. In this context, it would be appropriate for government to make a package of basic health services accessible to all people in urban areas, urban peripheries and rural areas (residents and floating population alike). This package of basic health services needs to cover public health functions and services – including the prevention of chronic diseases – and essential clinical services. To finance equitable access to basic health, the government will need to ensure full funding for the basic package of health services – through health insurance, medical financial assistance schemes and its own budget. E. Accountability for people’s health In order to align the performance of local governments, public sector enterprises and agencies and private sector entities with the agenda of healthy urbanization, government needs to establish clear accountability for people’s health. In both the public and private sectors, agencies and enterprises need to bear responsibility for the health effects of their policies and actions. With respect to health services, health providers and local governments need to be accountable for ensuring equitable access, acceptable quality, safety, and fair price. Challenges Cities throughout the world exhibit an incredible diversity of characteristics, economic structures, levels of infrastructure, historic origins, patterns of growth, and degrees of formal planning. Yet, many of the problems that they face are strikingly familiar. For one thing, as cities grow, they become increasingly diverse. Every city has its relatively more affluent and relatively poorer neighborhoods. But in developing countries, poorer neighborhoods can have dramatically lower levels of basic services. Consequently, a large number of urban residents in developing countries suffer to a greater or lesser extent from severe environmental health challenges associated with insufficient access to clean drinking water, inadequate sewerage facilities, and insufficient solid waste disposal. A major recent United Nations report on the state of water and sanitation in the world’s cities found that water distribution systems in many cities in the developing world are inadequate, typically serving the city’s upper- and middle-class neighborhoods but not rapidly expanding settlements on the urban fringe. Furthermore, the current data on the provision of water and sanitation in urban areas is very weak and the true situation is actually far worse than most international statistics suggest [20]. The large projected increases in the numbers of urban residents in the developing world over the next 20–30 years implies that municipal authorities responsible for these sectors face very serious challenges in the years ahead. In many cities, the scarcity of public water supplies forces many low-income urban residents to use other water sources such as private water vendors who charge many times more than the local public rate. Consequently, people in slums often must pay much more for lower quality water than other urban residents [21]. Improving public sanitation is another major urban environmental challenge that needs to be immediately addressed in virtually all cities in the developing world. Failure to collect garbage as well as inadequate waste management and recycling policies and practices mean that cities are being inundated in their own waste. In African cities, waste management has been described as ‘a monster that has aborted most efforts made by city authorities, state and federal governments and professionals alike’ [22]. As is the case of the water supply distribution network, sewerage systems are far better at meeting the needs of upper- and middle-class neighborhoods than they are of servicing poorer neighborhoods, particularly unregulated neighborhoods on the urban periphery. A major environmental crisis is looming large as many developing countries as cities discharge ever increasing amounts of waste into the air or into freshwater bodies, threatening water quality and aquatic ecosystems. The extent that urban growth affects the local ecosystem can be controlled to some extent by high quality land management. Land is an essential ingredient in all urban growth, yet in most cities there have been virtually no effective measures to control land development. Although many cities have formulated master plans at some time or another that included guidelines on land development and the future direction of urban growth, rarely, if ever, have these plans been realized. Reasons for this include poor urban governance, poor critical assumptions-urban population projections underpinning these plans have often been extremely weak-and the inability of plans to be adjusted and refined in the light of changing conditions, such as the invasion and settling of unused public space. Devising equitable land development policies remains one of the largest challenges facing planners and policy makers in many cities in the developing world. Congestion in many large cities can also be extremely severe and air pollution is now a serious environmental concern in many cities. Concentrations of carbon monoxide, lead, and suspended particulate matter in many large cities greatly exceed World Health Organization guidelines. Among the greatest environmental health concerns are exposure to fine particulate matter and to lead which contributes to learning disability in young children. A popular response to urban transportation congestion problems has been government investment in large-scale public transportation systems such as underground or overland metro systems. Less attention has been devoted to expanding and improving public bus networks, which tend to be overcrowded and poorly maintained. In many cities, private mini-bus companies have filled a hole in the market by providing low-cost urban transportation where standard bus routes have proved insufficient. Causes of urbanisation Urbanization and city growth are caused by a number of different factors including rural–urban migration, natural population increase, and annexation. Because rates of natural increase are generally slightly lower in urban than in rural areas, the principal reasons for rising levels of rbanization are rural–urban migration, the geographic expansion of urban areas through annexations, and the transformation and reclassification of rural villages into small urban settlements. The expansion of the metropolitan periphery can be caused both by the arrival of new migrants and by the sub-urbanization of the middle class out of the central city. The relative importance of each of these various causes of urbanization and suburbanization varies both within and between regions and countries. As stated above, over the next 30 years, population growth in general and urban population growth in particular is expected to be particularly rapid in the developing world, averaging 2. 3 per cent per year during 2000–2030. Although much of the popular rhetoric on urbanization has left the impression that cities are currently growing too fast and that growth should be limited or somehow diverted, it is important not to lose sight of the fact that, for the most part, there is an economic logic to the pattern of urbanization [14]. In most cases, high growth rates are an indicator of success rather than failure and most of the world’s largest cities are located in countries with the world’s largest economies. Many cities in Pacific Asia, for example, have experienced dramatic economic growth, reflecting the fact that the region is completely integrated into the new global economy. Cities on the forefront of global restructuring such as Hong Kong, Singapore, Seoul, and Taipei have enjoyed unprecedented growth rates of more than 10 percent per annum throughout the 1970s and early 1980s. All now rank among the top trading cities in the world and in fact, the level of gross national product (GNP) per capita in Hong Kong and Singapore exceeds that of many European countries. This extremely general descriptive of urban trends and projections naturally masks considerable regional diversity. There are enormous differences in the pattern of urbanization between regions and even greater variation in the level and speed with which individual countries or indeed individual cities within regions are growing. How to cite Urbanisation: City and Urban Areas, Papers

Music Unit Lab free essay sample

Music Appreciation Lab Questions Welcome to your first online Music Appreciation lab assignment! At this point, you are asked to complete the video Journey questions. Each link (the title of the lab) has a set of questions beneath It. Using the link, answer the questions that follow. Note that links open up a new browser window. Please include the questions and answers when you submit your assignment in the dropped. Use appropriate headings in your assignment. Submit the work as one file attachment.This means you complete all work in one word processing document (e. G. , Microsoft Word) and attach the file using the dropped tool. Submit your work in Unit 1: Lab Questions dropped basket. The answers to the lab questions are worth 10 points. Lab Questions Visit Latin Music USA and watch the videos. Please view all video chapters. 1 . Describe some of the influence of Latin music in the US in the early part of the twentieth century Latin music gave a new type of music to the US. We will write a custom essay sample on Music Unit Lab or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It gave an great infusion on Latin culture and melting pot. What was the significance of Machismo and His Afro-Cubans? It was African first time going out to the public. 3. How did Dizzy Gillespie incorporate Latin music into his music? Dizzy thought Jazz music was boring so he added Latin music and Jazz together to start something different. 4. What was the Palladium? An old dance studio that all types of people went too. The passion to dance united them as one. 5. How did the television and films Increase the exposure of the US to Latin music? It allowed Latin music to go world wide 6.How did Latin music Influence rock music? There is Latin influence in the rhythm of rock music. There was a huge Latin influence on rock music because musicians incorporated familiar music of their day-to-day life, Latin.. Rock music was influenced by Latin music because of how fast they became popular in the asss. 7. Why do you think Latin music had such a great influence on the development of popular music? Because it was new and had good rhythms and beats. 8. Do you think that any of the music that you listen to has Latin influences?Why or why not? Not really because it has a different type of music from a different culture. Music Unit 1 Lab By IANA-Ann set of questions beneath it. Using the link, answer the questions that follow. Note dropped. Use appropriate headings in your assignment. Submit the work as one file 1. Describe some of the influence of Latin music in the US in the early part of the them as one. 5. How did the television and films increase the exposure of the US to 6. How did Latin music influence rock music?

Discuss the arguments for and against the reintroduction of the death penalty for murder Essay Example

Discuss the arguments for and against the reintroduction of the death penalty for murder Essay The death penalty, the ultimate punishment for man some may say. There are equally valid arguments for both views. This essay will discuss the arguments for and against the reintroduction of the death penalty for murder.Capital punishment is punishment by death hanging, electrocution, gas chamber, firing squad, lethal injection or beheading. It is normally reserved for murder although can be used in certain other exceptional circumstances (E. McLaughlin and J. Munice, 2001).Hanging was used in England and Wales between 1016 and 1964 (E. McLaughlin and J. Munice, 2001: 24). The purpose of which seems to have been retributive as well as deterrent. After May 1868, executions took place inside the prisons as previously, when they were public affairs, spectators often used the occasion as an opportunity to commit further crime thus turning what was supposed to show the power of law into a crime spree itself (E. McLaughlin and J. Munice, 2001).The death penalty was abolished in this count ry in 1965 (Davies, Croall and Tyrer, 1995: 6) although this was only for a five year trial period and was abolished officially in December 1969 (E. McLaughlin and J. Munice, 2001). It is still retained in some states in the USA and in certain African and Asian countries.In many places where the death penalty is still used as a means of punishment, more people are actually sentenced to death than are killed. For example, in the USA during 1995, 3,000 people were under death sentences but only 56 were executed. Statistics like these often bring about critical questions like, whether there is any point in retaining the death penalty and whether or not it does actually have an effect on society or on crime.Some states may justify the use of capital punishment simply on retributive grounds although the most common political belief is that it has a general deterrent capacity to save further innocent lives and significantly reduce other capital offences (R. Hood, 1989).With regards to ret ribution, those who commit crime deserve to be punished, execution is a very real punishment with the criminal being made to suffer in proportion to the offence committed (www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/6142/thoughts.html).It is necessary to distinguish two different, although often related, conceptions of general deterrence (R. Hood, 1989: 119). The death penalty implies that the threat of capital sanction, or to be more precise the risk of death, prevents those who are about to commit a capital offence from doing so, in more cases than would the threat of life imprisonment. Therefore there would be an obvious relationship between the risk of execution and the rate of capital offences (R. Hood, 1989).The second conception implies that the existence of capital punishment emphasises the severity of a crime therefore reinforcing criminal inhibitions against committing it (R. Hood, 1989). The death penalty is only a deterrent if execution is an absolute certainty and homicide is usually a crime committed in undeterrable states of mind anyway (N. Walker, 1991: 16).Capital punishment incapacitates criminals, obviously removing them from society permanently, thus eliminating the chance of them re-offending even though murder has the lowest reconviction rates.One of the main arguments of those who oppose the use of capital punishment is the chance that an innocent person may be incorrectly convicted and sentenced to death. Two of the leading opponents of capital punishment in the United States today, Professors Hugo Adam Bedau and Michael L. Radelet, concluded in a 1987 study that 23 innocent people have been put to death in the United States since 1900 (M. Grossman, 1998: 129). In todays society, courts commit resources to avoid such miscarriages of justice to ensure that innocent people are not put to death, although even as late as 1962, James Hanratty, subsequently considered innocent, was put to death for a crime committed on an English road although another man later confessed to the offence, and in 1997 a British commission concluded that Hanratty may well have been innocent (M. Grossman, 1998).Capital punishment has always faced a lot of controversy. One of the reasons is due to the cost of actually carrying out the death penalty. Those in favour of capital punishment persistently argue that, cost cannot be considered as part of the judicial equation when justice is being sought (M. Grossman, 1998: 60). Those against the death penalty utilise numbers to prove their argument that it actually costs the state more to execute someone that it does to keep them in prison for the rest of their life. Margot Garey states that because of constitutional requirements and the diligence of attorneys in capital cases, death penalty litigation is a long, expensive process where, after conviction, appeals which usually last decades follow as courts examine the case and investigate possible legal errors that could overturn the death sentence (M. Grossman, 1998).Another main controversial topic when discussing capital punishment is human rights and the right to life. Does a particular murderer, taking into account the full circumstances of his or her life, really deserve to die at the hands of the state? (A. Sarat, 2001). Criminals, although they may have committed the most awful murders, are still real people who have a life, and with it comes the capability of feeling pain, love, fear and all the other emotions the rest of society feel (www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/6142/thoughts.html).There is no such thing as a humane method of putting a person to death, irrespective of what the state may claim (www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/6142/thoughts.html). Every form of execution causes suffering and being executed is a terrifying and gruesome ordeal for any criminal (www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/6142/thoughts.html). A Canadian writer, Bernard Lande Cohen wrote The state has a duty to protect itself and its citizens not only from foreign e nemies but from the domestic variety as well but he also insists the right of a government to take the life of any of its subjects ought to be subject to the strictest review in all instances and no matter how deserving of death and how little deserving of pity, it would be entirely wrong to inflict pain or torture upon him, or any form of death that is of a painful nature (M. Grossman, 1998: 6).An often, overlooked reason for opposing the death penalty is the depth of feelings of the friends and family of the criminal. They suffer pain and trauma leading up to and during the execution and will no doubt suffer serious trauma for years afterwards. Although, some may argue that the criminals family and friends feelings are now the same as the victims and, in that way, just (www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/6142/thoughts.html).The discriminatory nature of the death penalty was recognised in the United States by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1972. The evidence shows racial bias continuing to i nfluence the jury. A report released in 1990 by the General Accounting office in the states shows indications of racial discrimination. The study concluded that, a person accused of killing a white was 4.3 times more likely to be sentenced to death than a person accused of killing a black (www.igc.org/africanam/archives/eh2/factsheet.html).There does not seem to be any other alternative to the death penalty except life imprisonment without parole. Punishment must be fair and in proportion to the offence committed and for the worst murderers life meaning life is an option. It protects the public from the risk of re-offence and allows time for rehabilitation. Most criminals are only, if at all, deterred by the thought of being caught and even the best review of the evidence from research concludes that it has failed to provide scientific proof that executions have a greater deterrent effect than life imprisonment' (N. Walker, 1991: 16).In conclusion we see that the arguments for and against capital punishment are both very strong and depending on ones situation, circumstances and beliefs the ultimate decision to support or oppose the death penalty is that of the individual. The likelihood of Britain ever reintroducing the death penalty for murder is minimal. Politically it would be extremely hard given British commitment to human rights and our membership of the EC, which itself is highly opposed to capital punishment and contains no member states that still retain the death penalty as its highest form of punishment (www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/6142/thoughts.html).

Frances Charming Easter Expressions and Traditions

Frances Charming Easter Expressions and Traditions Pà ¢ques, the French term for Easter, is commonly feminine plural*. It is a holiday celebrated even by many nonpracticing Christians in France, and the Monday following Easter, le Lundi de  Pà ¢ques,  is a public holiday in many regions of the country, when the French stretch the celebration into a four-day holiday with Thursday, Friday, Monday and Tuesday off in addition to the weekend. Pre-Easter Holidays, En Francais One week before Easter, on Palm Sunday, called le Dimanche des Rameaux (Sunday of the branches) or  Pà ¢ques fleuries  (Easter of the flowers), Christians take various rameaux to church, where the priest blesses them. The branches may be boxwood, bay laurel, olive, or whatever is readily available. Around the southern city of  Nice, you can purchase des palmes tressà ©es (woven palm fronds) in front of churches.** Palm Sunday is the start of la Semaine Sainte (Holy Week), during which some towns put on un dà ©filà © pascal (Easter procession). On le Jeudi Saint (Maundy Thursday), French Easter lore has it that church bells sprout wings and fly to Rome to visit the Pope. Theyre gone all weekend, so no church bells are heard during these days. For children, this means that flying bells from Rome will be bringing chocolate and other delicacies to them. Vendredi Saint (Good Friday) is a fast day, meaning Christians eat un repas maigre (meatless vegetarian meal). However, in most of France, its not a public holiday. On Saturday, children prepare nids (nests) for le lapin de Pà ¢ques or le lià ¨vre de Pà ¢ques (Easter Bunny), who arrives that night and fills them with chocolate eggs. Celebrating French Easter Early the next morning, on le Dimanche de Pà ¢ques (Easter Sunday), also called le jour de Pà ¢ques (Easter Day), les cloches volantes (flying bells) return and drop chocolate eggs, bells, bunnies, and fish into gardens, so that kids can go on la chasse aux Å“ufs (Easter egg hunt). Its also the end  of le Carà ªme (Lent). Besides excellent chocolate and eggs, traditional French Easter foods include lagneau (lamb), le porc (pork), and la gà ¢che de Pà ¢ques (Easter brioche). Lundi de Pà ¢ques (Easter Monday) is un jour fà ©rià © (public holiday) in many parts of France. Its customary to eat omelettes en famille (with the family), a tradition called pà ¢quette.​ Since 1973, the town of Bessià ¨res in southwestern France has held an annual Easter festival, the main event of which is the preparation and consumption of lomelette pascale et gà ©ante (giant Easter omelet), which measures 4 meters (13 feet) in diameter and contains 15,000 eggs. (This is not to be confused with la Fà ªte de lomelette gà ©ante that takes place every September in Frà ©jus and features a somewhat smaller, three-meter omelet.) Pascal is the adjective for Easter, from Pà ¢ques. Children born around Easter are often named Pascal (boy) or Pascale (girl). French Easter Expressions Joyeuses Pà ¢ques ! Bonnes Pà ¢ques ! - Happy Easter! Pà ¢ques ou la Trinità © - very late, neverNoà «l au balcon, Pà ¢ques au tison - A warm Christmas means a cold Easter *The singular feminine Pà ¢que refers to  Passover.**Youre supposed to burn last years rameaux tressà ©es sà ©chà ©es, but theyre so lovely that many people keep them. Thats why theyre white rather than green.

Influences on the Declaration of Independence Research Paper

Influences on the Declaration of Independence - Research Paper Example Jefferson listed a number of grievances against King George III, implying that these could have been supposed, or actual circumstances regarded reliable means for complaint. The appointment of Jefferson into the drafting of the Declaration of Independence forms a strategic approach. John Adams, Thomas Jefferson’s friend, strived to have Thomas Jefferson appointed to the special team of the man-committee set to draft the declaration. The committee discussed the general outline of the declaration after which Thomas Jefferson was recommended to draft the declaration. Jefferson’s appointment took place in June 1776. Thomas Jefferson portrayed unique character traits which earned him credit in the sight other writers like John Adams. He is described to have had profound ideas and eloquent language. These features contributed to Jefferson’s selection as the preferred Declaration of Independence draftsman. Above the talent of Jefferson in writing, he had a successful history in writing. Some of the prior works included the Virginia Declaration of Rights. It was clear that the ideology regarding the independence was not appreciated by every colonist. While many held that British violated the basic rights, the witnessed violation did not add up to warrant a rebellion. Contention Congress did not take longer than one year to consider independence. It was after this consideration span that the first shots got fired at Concord and Lexington. â€Å"Magna Carta and Its America Legacy.† National Archives & Records Administration. Washington DC. 700 Pennsylvania Avenue N W. Retrieved on 14th October 2011 from . Liberty: â€Å"THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, CLASSROOM MATERIALS.† The Declaration of Independence An Analytical View. Retrieved on 13th October 2011 from . â€Å"The Glorious Revolution and the English Bill of

Further discuss the plan identified in the case assignment Essay

Further discuss the plan identified in the case assignment - Essay Example HCPs are crucial participants in the pursuit to address medical errors. HAIs increase healthcare costs, thereby complicating the issue even more (Robinson, 2010). HCP should engage in constant communication to ensure that risk variables in relation to medical errors are adequately addressed. In so doing, it is possible to work through resolving HAIs problems and medical errors at large. Healthcare facilities should design, formulate and implement procedures that should be followed by patients, caregivers and clinicians. Protocols of observation could also be established to ensure that all risk factors are accounted for inside and outside caregiving facilities. Since HAIs emerge from the healthcare facility environment, such procedures and protocols will ensure that the occurrence of nosocomial infections is minimized or alleviated altogether (Coates, 2004). On the same note, imposing standard precautions in relation to HAIs and other medical errors would be fundamental. Healthcare teams can also design measures and policies that are designed to address HAIs and medical errors problems. Clinicians and bacteriologists can team up to design procedures and/or medical products that act as a preventative measure for HAIs. Hospital directors and employers can design internal mechanisms to address the problem, basically integrating patients in that pursuit. All these team participants should act more cautious in relation to the underlying medical

Who were the anasazi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Who were the anasazi - Essay Example The Anasazi lived in masonry villages that hosted sacred places where they offered sacrifices to their gods. Indeed, this cultural group had many gods. The masonry villages occupied the edges of Chaco Canyons. Apparently, access to the masonry villages was via rock climbing or by a rope. The Anasazi were farmers where they planted beans and other cereals in the dry land where corn was the stable food. They stored water in ditches that enabled them to survive during the dry seasons. Additionally, they were hunters and gatherers who sought to safeguard their families from drought-related effects. However, very little information about the Anasazi culture is available since archeologists can only find indirect evidence regarding Anasazi’s life. Indeed, archaeologists argue about various aspects of the Anasazi culture. For example, nobody can explain why the Anasazi deserted the Four Corners. Nevertheless, archaeologists agree that the Anasazi left many dwelling sites especially c liff

UK Economy and Disposable Spending

UK Economy and Disposable Spending 1. Definitions in the United Kingdom economy: a) Real disposable income: Real disposable income is an economic indicator which is the personal income that households remained with after government charges and income taxes were paid, also after it was adjusted for changes in prices or for inflation. This available income can either be spent or saved by households. According to the Keynesian theory of consumption, there is a link between real disposable income and consumption level as well as savings. In the UK economy, real disposable income witnessed ups and downs since the financial crisis of 2008, in 2010 it decreased by 0.8% while in 2011 it decreased by 2.0%. One of the main reasons for this declining real disposable income is due to inflation and the rising prices of commodity goods as well as the VAT increase. b) Unsecured debt: Unsecured debt refers to a loan that is not backed by an asset, in this case if someone is not able to repay the money owned from a financial institution they won’t take any of his property since they do have the right to. Some of the unsecured debts include credit cards, student loans and medical bills. It is considered of high risk for lenders, when the borrower fails to make the full repayment they might have to go through the process of suing them in order to get their money back. Unsecured debt is the opposite of secured debt for instance, a house mortgage is backed and secured by the house and when someone fails to pay the lenders they can close it and take it. In the UK economy, in 2013 the UK witnessed its first increase in unsecured debt since the financial crisis of 2008 by 8.5 billion pounds as a result of the increasing student loans. In the other hand unsecured consumer debt stayed flat at 5,900 pounds per household. c) Real interest rate: The real interest rate is the rate that is expected to be received by investors after removing inflation effects Real interest rate is linked with nominal rate and inflation rate as it is calculated as the following: Real interest rate = Nominal interest rate – Inflation rate In the UK economy, the real interest rate remained low since the financial crisis, after 2008 it decreased from 1.4% to -1.6% in 2009, it continued in decreasing to -2.5% in 2010, while it increased from 2010 to 2012 up to -1.2% as the following graph shows: d) Durable goods: Durable goods are goods that last for a long period of time and have a useful life of at least three years. Goods that are purchased and consumed in short period of time are called non-durable goods such as medicine or food. Durable goods are goods that they don’t need to be bought frequently. Examples of durable goods are: furniture, cars, jewelry, appliances, and also on heavy assets such as airplanes or ships. In the UK economy, according to Chart C UK consumers spending on durable goods increased dramatically from 2004 to 2010. According to the Bank of England consumer spending on durable goods increased by 2.1% from 2012 to the first quarter of 2013 these spending were mostly on motor cars, appliances and clothes. The following chart displays the components of UK consumer spending on durable goods: e) Animal spirits: Animal spirit is a concept developed by John Maynard Keynesthat refers to the level of consumer confidence and its effect on the economy. It is future expectations that drive the consumers to either spend or save and the willingness of businesses to invest in a certain market. In the UK economy, consumer confidence and optimism about the future of the UK economy has been increasing dramatically over the 4 last years, from 2011 at -30% to 0% in 2014 as the following graph shows: This increase was generally due to improvements in purchasing power and increased job security. In the UK, consumer confidence is related to consumption and it is used to predict future consumption. 2. What is the relationship in normal times between real disposable income and the level of household consumption? In normal times when there is economic stability and a higher consumer confidence the relationship expected between real disposable income and the level of household consumption is that when the real disposable income increases the level of household consumption increases, also when consumer’s income gets higher they tend to save less and consume more of goods they want. When the real disposable income decreases the level of household consumption decreases since consumers tend to save more and consume only priority goods. 3. Identify and explain two non-income determinants of the level of consumer spending in the UK economy: One of the non-income determinants of the level of consumption in the UK context is consumer confidence. According to chart B when consumer confidence decreases due to reasons such as that consumers are feeling unsecure about their jobs, the attempts to make major purchases decreases as well the thing that results in high savings since consumers are not optimistic about their current economy. There is a clear impact of consumer confidence on consumption levels in the UK economy, when confidence increases consumers will make more major purchases and will save less. Another non-income determinant of the level of consumption in the UK economy is interest rate, when interest rate decreases people tend to borrow more money from banks to spend which results in higher consumption, when interest rate increases it becomes expensive to borrow money the thing that increases saving, people will leave their money in banks to take advantage of the high interest rate the thing that reduces consumption. 4. Identify and explain two macro-economic consequences of a sharp fall in consumer spending in the UK economy: A sharp fall in consumer spending can have a negative impact over the UK economy since it increases unemployment and decreases output levels. When consumer spending fall, the consumption of goods produced by firms will also fall, this can lower companies benefits and increases their costs, in order to lower costs they companies will reduce the number of their employees the thing that increases unemployment. Another issue caused by a decrease in consumer spending is a decrease in the quantity and quality of output. A decrease in consumer spending decreases demand the thing that lowers the willingness of firms to invest in capital and labor to produce efficiently and effectively. When demand decreases the output decreases resulting in less goods and services produced the thing that harms the economy of the UK by slowing it down. Deflation can also be a consequence of a sharp fall in consumer spending. Less consumer spending means less demand of firms’ products and services, firms will have to sell products to generate money in order to pay their fixed costs, as a result prices go  down and demand also go down even more since consumers are expecting prices to decrease more in the future. A sharp fall in consumer demand creates a vicious circle and less money circulation in the economy which is considered very damaging the economy. 5. Components of aggregate demand in Morocco: Consumer spending on durable goods in Morocco: 6. Extract one: The Moroccan families spending power increased over the last years according to statistics in 2011 there was an increase in spending per capita by 4.1% to $1,760, this increase is due a stable inflation rate and government subsidies on commodity goods. This increase in spending will increase consumption of goods and services and businesses will make more investments which will contribute positively in increasing the GDP which result in an increased economic growth. Extract Two: Moroccan secured debt is low and limited only for trustworthy clients with that are employed and with an income who are able to make the repayment. The number of Moroccan facing negative equity is considered very low. 6. In the Moroccan economy: a) Real disposable income: The real disposable income in morocco witnessed a continuous increase over the last 4 years from 62,096 million dollars in 2010 up to 075,937.1 million dollars in 2014. This increase in real disposable income is due to human development projects and investments on infrastructure. This increase also allowed Moroccan consumers to purchase products that were some years earlier categorized as luxurious. b) Unsecured Debt: According to the World Bank, the rate of unsecured debt in morocco is low; the majority of financial institutions are providing secured loans with a few exceptions of unsecured loans that are only given to trustworthy clients while the secured loans are given employed people with income also to businesses with strong investments. c) Real Interest Rate: According to the available data from year 2000 to 2005 the real interest rate is considered high in Morocco. The real interest rate witnessed a continuous decrease from a value of 14% in 2000 to 9.89% in 2005. In the recent years the real interest rate is increasing as the household income increases to encourage savings in banks. d) Durable Goods: Moroccan consumption of durable goods has increased over the last years due to access to loans such as for cars and houses, also to the increase in disposable income, as well as the increased consumer confidence. The next graph shows the consumer spending in morocco on goods and services including durable goods which shows that the Moroccan consumer spending increased from 472938 million dirham in 2001 up to 494499 million dirham in 2012. d) Animal Spirits: Consumer confidence is considered high in Morocco despite the decrease from 84.5 in 2011 to 74.10 in 2014. Consumer confidence is high since Moroccan consumers are showing optimism about regular income, stock market, employment and the overall state of the economy.However the recent decrease in consumer confidence is due to increased prices in commodity goods by the government such as fuel. Extract one: The Moroccan families spending power increased over the last years according to statistics in 2011 there was an increase in spending per capita by 4.1% to $1,760, this increase is due a stable inflation rate and government subsiding commodity goods This increase in spending will increase consumption of goods and services and businesses will make more investments which will contribute positively in increasing the GDP and the economic growth. Extract Two: Moroccan secured debt is low and limited only for trustworthy clients with that are employed and with an income who are able to make the repayment. The number of Moroccan facing negative equity is considered very low. What is the relationship in normal times between real disposable income and the level of household consumption? In normal times in Morocco, the expected relationship between real disposable income and the level of household consumptions is that when real disposable goes up the level of household consumption goes up as well meaning that when the disposable income increases Moroccan consumers save less and spending more. When real disposable income goes down the level of household consumption goes down as well increasing savings and lowering consumption. Identify and explain two non-income determinants of the level of consumer spending in the Moroccan economy In the Moroccan economy, people’s expectation is a non-income determinant of the level of consumption. People’s expectations about the future have an impact over consumption, when consumers except products prices to increase in the future they consume more in the present. Avoiding a rise in prices or inflation in the future increases the level of consumption in Morocco. Another non-income determinant of the level of consumption is changes in consumer’s preferences and taste which also manipulates the consumption level in the Moroccan economy The level of consumption in morocco can also be affected by demographic reasons. A young population increases the consumption, for example, young families increase consumption by buying durable goods such as furniture, appliances or cars, also the larger the family members the higher the consumption. Interest rate and consumer confidence also have an impact on the Moroccan economy similarly to the UK economy. Identify and explain two macro-economic consequences of a sharp fall in consumer spending in the UK economy Similarly to the UK, morocco can also suffer from high unemployment as a result of a sharp fall in consumer spending; firms will seek to cut down their costs by reducing the number of their employees which increase the unemployment rate in the Moroccan economy. Firms will also produce less goods and services as demand is low, investments will also decrease resulting in a lower GDP and lower economic development. 7. Comparison between the Moroccan and UK economies: From the previous analysis we conclude that, the Moroccan real disposable income increased over the years while the UK disposable income decreased due inflation. The unsecured debt in the UK is higher that unsecured debt in morocco. The real interest rate in morocco is higher than in UK. The consumption of durable goods increased in both countries. Consumer confidence is high in morocco but decreasing over time while in the UK is low but recovering. In both countries, an increase in real disposable income increases consumption level and a decrease in real disposable income decreases consumption level. Interest rate, consumer confidence, expectations, changes in preferences and taste are non-income determinants of consumer spending in both countries. Unemployment, deflation, decrease in level of output are common consequences of a sharp fall in consumer spending in both countries.

Comparing Dehumanization in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass

Dehumanization in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass and Maus  Ã‚        Through out history we learn of the mistreatment of many different types of people. Several different groups of people have been prosecuted and singled out for many different types of reasons. In recent history, the African Americans and the Jews have been the focus of discrimination. Slavery and the Holocaust were made to make these groups of people feel inferior to those who were in control of them. During these two periods, the people involved were treated like worthless, insignificant human beings. They were brought down to the level of a mouse. In Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass and in Maus, the main characters, Vladek and Frederick, struggle daily to be considered by others as a human. Their struggles show just how humans can be treated like animals, denied the right to an education and haunted by what others have done to them. Frederick Douglass was born a slave. It is all that he knew. He is always treated inferior than his slave masters. He is beaten and au... Comparing Dehumanization in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Dehumanization in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass and Maus  Ã‚        Through out history we learn of the mistreatment of many different types of people. Several different groups of people have been prosecuted and singled out for many different types of reasons. In recent history, the African Americans and the Jews have been the focus of discrimination. Slavery and the Holocaust were made to make these groups of people feel inferior to those who were in control of them. During these two periods, the people involved were treated like worthless, insignificant human beings. They were brought down to the level of a mouse. In Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass and in Maus, the main characters, Vladek and Frederick, struggle daily to be considered by others as a human. Their struggles show just how humans can be treated like animals, denied the right to an education and haunted by what others have done to them. Frederick Douglass was born a slave. It is all that he knew. He is always treated inferior than his slave masters. He is beaten and au...

Crime and Criminal Justice: Dilemmas of Social Control Essay

Brief Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Over the years, the people and   the government seek to sustain the balance of power and the capability to maintain social order. The emergence of state policies in the executive, legislative, and judicial functions of government adhere to the people’s interest to uphold freedom and democracy through the protection of human rights and dignity and the preservation of a peaceful and prosperous society. This paper will discuss the parameters involved in determining and analyzing why and how the state policies are made and its significance to social control. Defining the Concepts   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to Cochran, et.al, authors of American Public Policy: An Introduction, published in 2006, policy analysis is the interpretation and examination of underlying background and reasons behind the adoption and implementation of a particular policy. Further cited from the book, policy analysis is not value neutral but wants to discover the significance and importance to public values.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition, based on the book, public policy is being enacted and implemented with purpose and intent. Moreover a public policy is given classifications according to purposes, types and goods. What is then referred to for the classification of a public policy is its relevance to moral and social values such as the application of the rule of law deterrent to crime and the enactment of punishment. However, public policy does not only empower a particular application on the rule of law that represent punishment on common crimes like burglary and theft, murder and homicide, sexual abuse, grave harassment, alarm and public scandal, among others, that are all being considered as neighborhood and street crimes. The Policy on Homeland Security   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The 9/11 US tragedy has brought about fear and insecurity to American people as they are the most vulnerable casualties of terrorist attacks. The continuing terrorist threats were determined by the US government as a clear and continuing danger to all Americans in general. Classification and Purpose of enacting the Homeland Security Act i) As Cochran, et.al pointed out, the classification of a public policy under the category or type on public security is determined by its broader scope in maintaining peace and order, adoption of the government’s security policy for the purpose of preventing internal and external threats to lives, properties and liberties of the majority of people and that, as a whole, representing the country itself. ii) For the purpose of protecting the lives and properties of American people, the US government enacted the Homeland Security Act as a national security policy that refers to responding on the urgency of US defense against adversary attack and a call for national emergency. Based on President George W. Bush’s statement addressing the American public on the enactment of the Homeland Security Act, homeland security must be a responsibility shared across the entire nation to further develop a national culture of preparedness. In addition he said that the United States’ local, Tribal, State, and Federal governments, faith-based and community organizations, and businesses must be partners in securing the homeland. Adoption of Homeland Security Act as a Public Policy President Bush’s statement on â€Å"shared responsibility† refers to the role of the American people and the US Federal government agencies to participate in civic affairs. The civic affairs is the response to national emergencies that does not only represent counter-terrorism but addressing the welfare and services. According to the 2007 US Strategy for Homeland Security, the front line role of the American public is not only to help in preventing terrorism but to respond in various natural and man-made emergencies, and the government to act on internal and external law enforcement. Based on the 2007 US Strategy for Homeland Security, it has enjoined the strictest law enforcement on crossing borders by scrutinizing the immigration of people and exportation of commodities to the US, and by empowering the capabilities of law enforcement through provision of modernized facilities. Also, the legislation of the Patriot Act and Protect America Act of 2007 has strengthened the US Judiciary to prosecute common criminals. Policy Evaluation The US Homeland Security Act is a policy that is being implemented with a broader scope. It can be noted that the enactment of the 2007 US Strategy for Homeland Security together with the Patriot Act and Protect America Act of 2007 have brought about strengthening of both national and international law enforcement. It is not only the national concern of the US government to countering terrorism but likewise to preventing the proliferation of common crimes in the homeland. Another perception that would best fit in evaluating the broadened scope of US Homeland Security Act implementation is its influencing and incorporating power to economic policies be it homeland and overseas. The sanction on law enforcement is likewise carried out at a global magnitude wherein policy on security through counter terrorism collaborates with international allied governments.       Works Cited â€Å"American Public Policy: An Introduction†. 2006. Cochran, Mayer, Carr and Cayer Thompson/Wadsworth Publishing, 8th Edition. ISBN: 0-534-60163-4. â€Å"National Strategy for Homeland Security†. October 2007. US Department of State.

Rap Music essays

Rap Music essays Music of different types has been criticized throughout the ages. A generation of parents worried about poor role models like Kiss and Marilyn Manson. Before that, they thought the Beatles hair was too long and Elvis shake too suggestive. Rocknroll was said to be demonic. Lately, Rap has been given a bad rap. Rappers like Ice-Cube, Dr. Dre and the late Eazy-E were all tired of other rap artists such as, the Fresh Prince, rapping about unreal issues. These artists want to express themselves, singing about issues that affect teenagers today. They want to talk about real life and portray their struggle of growing up. Rap music deals with sex, violence, drug use, suicide and so on. Adults seem to think that kids that listen to this will go out and commit violent crimes and develop anti social behaviour. No proof of this has ever been scientifically established. If kids are raised properly, they are no more likely to bash gays or assault women after listening to rap, than they would engage in drinking human blood after watching Queen of the Damned. Politicians, adults and parents need to give kids more credit. Teenagers who listen to rap messages dont seem to take things too seriously, recognizing the controversy for what it is clever marketing. Rap music cannot be help responsible for the acts of unstable individuals. For example, high school students who listen to violent rap lyrics before damaging property or pulling out a shotgun and killing their class mates surely cannot be considered mentally balanced. Millions of people listen to these same lyrics and hear them for what they are, and dont commit any crimes at all. As far as rap CDs being sold to teenagers, mandatory labeling has been introduced. This means that albums which contain explicit language or contain references to violence, drug or alcohol use, suicide or sexuality have a warning on the cover as well as a not ...

The Low Cost Airline Air Arabia Tourism Essay Example

The Low Cost Airline Air Arabia Tourism Essay Example The Low Cost Airline Air Arabia Tourism Essay The Low Cost Airline Air Arabia Tourism Essay Air Arabia is one of the low cost air hoses of UAE, based in Sharjah. It soon is runing in more than 45 finishs consisting of major metropoliss in south-east Asia, Middle-East and few parts of cardinal Asia and Africa. Air Arabia is besides registered in AACO or Arab Air Carriers Organization In the recent old ages the menace due to its replacement rivals was about nullified. They stood nowhere in forepart of Air Arabia but there had been a changeless menace from the approaching new rivals. Though the new rivals were non plenty to dispute Air Arabia, there was still some sort of menace because the Numberss of such rivals were increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. In UAE ab initio there were many air service suppliers, but in the recent times Air Arabia has proved to be the most effectual one compared to its old rivals. With the increasing oil monetary values the rivals of Air Arabia increased their monetary values, but Air Arabia kept its low budget menus in order to derive more and more public support at the cost of impermanent loss or small fringy addition. The low cost bearers are so effectual that they helped Air Arabia win Merit Award for CAPA Low Cost Airline of the Year 2006 and the World Airline Award for Best Low-cost Airline in the Middle East in 2007. The biggest menace that Air Arabia has is from its rivals. The ground for the same is that one time a company gets a comment of dissatisfying its clients by non making as advertised, the rivals take advantage. Key schemes include: Entering in new sections and therefore taking dependence on scorch section ( low cost bearer ) . Arranging financess to purchase more financess. Balancing between increasing rising prices and commanding the monetary values of the tickets. Geting new and little air hoses for faster enlargement. Geting listed at new airdromes and get downing operation in new topographic points. Supporting authorities s Emiritization scheme to acquire more federal support. Talking about the execution of schemes, for increasing its selling dimension, the company has invested over DH one million in footings of Ads, both online and print media. This would ensue in a long term net income for the company, though it s rather a heavy sum on the footing of company s current scenario. More includes: International flight linking Abu Dhabi to more than 45 international finishs in USA, Indian subcontinent etc. Air Arabia carried over 4.6 million riders, an augment of about 65.8 % over in 2006. ( Lowcostairlinesworld, 2009 ) Along with this, it besides griped 175,000 dozenss of cargo in 2007, which is an addition of over 75 % than the twelvemonth 2006. Introduction: Air Arabia is one of the low cost air hoses of UAE, based in Sharjah. It soon is runing in more than 45 finishs consisting of major metropoliss in south-east Asia, Middle-East and few parts of cardinal Asia and Africa. Air Arabia is besides registered in AACO or Arab Air Carriers Organization . It was the first low-fare organisation in the Middle-East, started on 3rd February in the twelvemonth 2003. It offers about 40 % less monetary value than the other air hoses. The chief base of the air hose is Sharjah. In 2007 it was the first to offer public 55 % of its stock. It fundamentally aims at pulling the people. After its foundation it kept on distributing in services. For the clip in 2008 it had to endorse out from the Nepal part due to some unsure political and economic issues. It has collaborated with many other air hoses in many parts of the universe. Vision: The ultimate end of the company is to place itself at the top of all the Low-fare air hoses in UAE and in Gulf. The cardinal characteristics of Vision of the company are as follows: aˆ? Expanding its aircraft scope aˆ? To supply service on more figure of paths aˆ? To heighten efficiency of operations aˆ? And to increase its gross keeping a low and simple construction of low air-fare industry. Mission: The company s mission includes edifice and making multi-functional squad, addition gross and offering a value for money services in the part. The ultimate mission is to convey a revolution in the fear industry by new and advanced corporate criterions. Industry background: The air hoses industry of UAE is huge if we look at the figure of service suppliers. There are figure of low cost air hoses. National air hoses of UAE other than air Arabia include Gulf Air, Emirates and Etihad. Gulf air was started long ago in 1950. It provides a figure of installations to its users. First it has provided many onboard installations to kids below the age of 12. For the concern related people it provides the BBC universe intelligence. It besides provides separate dinning for the riders. It is treated as a standard national flight for most of the intents. Emirates air hoses were introduced after Gulf Air in 1985. It is besides considered as a national flight. It has won several awards for its services. This air hose consists of many air planes both for public and private issues. Etihad is the most recent one and was introduced after air Arabia in the same twelvemonth. It had besides become rather popular but could non vie with Air Arabia on low cost. A Kam air menu is besides considered as one of the low cost air hoses in UAE. Among all the bing national air hoses boulder clay day of the month Air Arabia is considered to be the cheapest 1. It is non considered to be a flight with the best installation on board but of class it offers a inexpensive menu t its clients. The installations provided by these national air hoses to their clients vary from each other. All these air hoses greatly contribute to the national economic system of UAE. Statement of job: In this study, we will speak about the cardinal schemes of Air Arabia, surrogate schemes available, execution, and SWOT, PEST and rival analysis of Air Arabia. For this concern, an interview with a director of the company is organized. The Manager stated that Air Arabia is making well good in its sphere which is soon concentrated to low cost air hose section. For long term position, the company is taking to come in in more sections than this alone. There are figure of strategic jobs the company is confronting. These are: Entering in new sections and therefore taking dependence on scorch section ( low cost bearer ) . Arranging financess to purchase more financess. Balancing between increasing rising prices and commanding the monetary values of the tickets. Geting new and little air hoses for faster enlargement. Geting listed at new airdromes and get downing operation in new topographic points. Supporting authorities s Emiritization scheme to acquire more federal support. Analysis: Environmental or Industrial Analysis: Air Arabia believes in supplying a superior and cost efficient life support system by presenting advanced installations and more handiness to derive client satisfaction. It aims to be a company that has value and importance based on sort of services it provides. The organisation has certain ethical motives when it comes to staffing and squad work, keeping client relationship, honestness, truthfulness, and flexibleness are that satisfy the evidences. The clients of the Air industry are in all signifiers. The aircrafts are used for the security of states and so travel to the authorities. Then importers and exporters of the market that import goods from every bit little as veggies to autos. So in bend we besides are utilizing these services. They are used for the people to go. The aircrafts are the bulk signifier of transit in the recent times. Porter s five forces analysis The menace of utility rivals: In the recent old ages the menace due to its replacement rivals was about nullified. They stood nowhere in forepart of Air Arabia. The other replacements kept on worsening and the company Air Arabia kept on bettering speaking in footings of net income in the market. The other companies could non offer such a low menus as compared to Air Arabia whose menus were singular. The menace of the entry of new rivals There had been a changeless menace from the approaching new rivals. Every now and so many new companies were launched along with the bing 1s. They all tried to fit up to the degree of Air Arabia but finally failed to go on on a long tally. They met with immense loss and finally ended up in increasing the cost. All these rivals tried to copy Air Arabia based on service it provides, but they failed to modulate them on a regular footing based on public satisfaction and demand. The strength of competitory competition Though Air Arabia continued to rule the market in the recent old ages, it had non been an easy occupation. It ever had to maintain itself watchful and altering. Though the new rivals were non plenty to dispute Air Arabia, there was still some sort of menace because the Numberss of such rivals were increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. Air Arabia had to maintain a study of the predominating market conditions and take safe determinations to maintain traveling. Marketing facet of the company became important in keeping the market place. The bargaining power of clients Sing the bargaining power in instance of Air Arabia is a mere thing if we compare it with the installations it provides and the deficiency of able rivals. Peoples were non much into bargaining because Air Arabia had been the best available among all the others. However, in times of strong competition by some new challengers there had been some sort of bargaining by the clients, which was gracefully accepted for that period. The bargaining power of providers Suppliers in this instance refer to the stock holders of the company. They besides got a immense price reduction on available stocks. Besides the sum of available public stocks was well increased. They besides get a good sum of one-year dividend. Besides due to enlargement of their concern the stock holders made a immense net income. Rival Analysis: In UAE ab initio there were many air service suppliers, but in the recent times Air Arabia has proved to be the most effectual one compared to its old rivals. With the increasing oil monetary values the rivals of Air Arabia increased their monetary values, but Air Arabia kept its low budget menus in order to derive more and more public support at the cost of impermanent loss or small fringy addition. This was really important in giving Air Arabia a place rather different from others. Among all the bing national air hoses boulder clay day of the month Air Arabia is considered to be the cheapest 1. It is non considered to be a flight with the best installation on board but of class it offers a inexpensive menu t its clients. The installations provided by these national air hoses to their clients vary from each other. All these air hoses greatly contribute to the national economic system of UAE. SWOT Analysis: Strengths Sing the instance of Air Arabia, the low cost menu plays a important function in deriving the public involvement. The low cost bearers are so effectual that they helped Air Arabia win Merit Award for CAPA Low Cost Airline of the Year 2006 and the World Airline Award for Best Low-cost Airline in the Middle East in 2007.A With the increasing substructure, high regional GDP and a immense demand in assorted parts, air travels are lending to the success of low cost bearers in UAE. The ground for Air Arabia being so popular among all the parts of the universe is its award winning schemes. These awards add a great trade in their selling scheme which helps to bag future success. Air Arabia has been able to publicize its concern in the undermentioned ways: Travel bureau committees stopped Removal of interline, code-share relationships Use of secondary or alternate metropolis airdromes ( Eyefortravel, 2008 ) A As a figure of people have begun to experience the same, it is surely a positive facet of advertisement for Air Arabia. Failing The greatest failing that most of the air hoses companies are confronting presents is that they have non been able to populate up to their outlooks. On many occasions, Air Arabia has agreed on certain winging to certain finishs but it has non lived up to it. One such concern is that when the air hose company promised to wing to some of the most restricted finishs in the universe, it could non do it to Cairo as it most extremely expected by the tourers and other regular riders. So, as the advertizement said they did non book their expensive tickets through different air hose companies but at the same clip did non acquire the chance to go at all. Some of the major accoutrements as expected by the riders in Air Arabia in malice of its low cost are as follows: Amenity Kits Air Sickness Bags In-flight socks Eye sunglassess Blankets Headsets Opportunities High GDP Growth Ratess: Petroleum extraction and refinement operations have been on an all clip high in the UAE in the past few old ages. This has helped in the encouragement of the economic system of UAE. Air Arabia can take advantage of this fact and can assist do the usage of its low cost bearers more outstanding. A Positive Demographics: The per centum of young person ( under 30 old ages ) in the UAE is 64 % . This will supply a high in the hereafter market as liberalisation opens market even to air travel. It is one of the of import factors for Air Arabia to choose its aiming scheme. Strong Tourism: The energy and entrepreneurial spirit of the middle-east part is pulling touristry and concern traffic in its ain right. Ad can be done with all the touristry companies so as to do the circuit extremely low-cost for the tourers. Menaces The biggest menace that Air Arabia has is from its rivals. The ground for the same is that one time a company gets a comment of dissatisfying its clients by non making as advertised, the rivals take advantage. The other ground of menace for Air Arabia is that all the freshly unifying air hose companies are in a fling to capture the market by doing a strong repute. Once they come up with monetary value menus lesser than Air Arabia so even the best of advertisement would neglect. Company s public presentation: Air Arabia is one of the low cost air hoses of UAE, based in Sharjah. It soon is runing in more than 45 finishs consisting of major metropoliss in south-east Asia, Middle-East and few parts of cardinal Asia and Africa. Air Arabia is besides registered in AACO or Arab Air Carriers Organization . The company s mission includes edifice and making multi-functional squad, addition gross and offering a value for money services in the part. It was the first low-fare organisation in the Middle-East, started on 3rd February in the twelvemonth 2003. It offers about 40 % less monetary value than the other air hoses. The chief base of the air hose is Sharjah. In 2007 it was the first to offer public 55 % of its stock. It fundamentally aims at pulling the people. After its foundation it kept on distributing in services. For the clip in 2008 it had to endorse out from the Nepal part due to some unsure political and economic issues. It has collaborated with many other air hoses in many parts of t he universe. ( Ameinfo, 2009 ) Cardinal Schemes: A cardinal strategic issue includes: Entering in new sections and therefore taking dependence on scorch section ( low cost bearer ) . Arranging financess to purchase more financess. Balancing between increasing rising prices and commanding the monetary values of the tickets. Geting new and little air hoses for faster enlargement. Geting listed at new airdromes and get downing operation in new topographic points. Supporting authorities s Emiritization scheme to acquire more federal support. The company is seeking to present low cost flights so that more and more people avail them. There are fundamentally aiming on two countries. First of all they are cut downing some unneeded installations on short clip journeys. Removing these installations based on such a low cost barely affects public involvement. Second, they are seeking to cut down the carnival on some paths and at the same clip increasing the figure of flights on these paths. This means deriving public involvement and support based on low fringy net income. Other than offering inducements to its clients it besides offers heavy dividend and price reductions to stock holders. It was the first flight to supply so much of discount to its clients and stock holders. It keeps on increasing the installations offered in order to maintain the involvement maintained. ( Ameinfo, 2009 ) Air Arabia has late expanded its aircraft ranges. It has tried to spread out the concern in by presenting new paths in many parts of the part. There are more and figure of aircrafts in the parts where there were less no of aircrafts. Now the flights are available more often in some paths based on sum of net income made in the bing paths. In order to increase the value of its stocks in the market, the company has released more no of stocks to the populace with price reductions. The schemes, the growing and the hereafter programs offered by Air Arabia are sufficient to pull more and more stock holders which finally lead to enlargement in footings to money, power and public support. It has besides appeared on many other stock lists and minutess are besides about to get down. ( Eyefortravel, 2008 ) The company had been really peculiar in make up ones minding the cost of conveyance. It kept in head the rise and the falling monetary values of oil and other equipments, straight or indirectly related to their concern. In other words, they maintained a complete study of the predominating market. With the addition in the fuel monetary values many air hoses companies increased their monetary values and frailty versa. There are other schemes which were used for selling at fiscal degree. The company has gained a batch from them. The net income border has increased by 40 % in the recent old ages and there are still opportunities of farther addition. These all schemes have proved fruitful both for the company and the company stock holders which are straight or indirectly related to the company. The company has been able to keep up to the outlooks of its employees and its clients. Air Arabia greatly contributes in the UAE economic system. Recently it got an blessing to look on Dubai fiscal list. The Air Arabia is traveling to look on stock list of Dubai fiscal market and trading it will be started in few yearss. The manner Air Arabia is utilizing the budget and the manner it is using the schemes it is believed that in the clip to come if there is a slow economic system advancement, Air Arabia entirely can manage it. Strategic Options: Some schemes of Air Arabia for future few old ages are as follows: Expanding its aircraft scope: One of import restraint in company s enlargement program is the limited figure of lading and rider planes available to the company. The company will put periodic orders for new aircrafts to back up its enlargements programs. To supply service on more figure of paths: The company would wish to function in European states and other untasted finishs in North and South America. The enlargement will give a huge increase in company s present market size. To heighten efficiency of operations: As a long term scheme, the company would wish to implement TQM schemes in its operations. Increase its gross keeping high and choice construction of epicurean aircraft industry Another one is Emiritization and promotion of UAE people. The company has a figure of programs in this way with long term involvement which are mentioned as follows: UAE National Cadet Pilots Training or UNCPT The company invites aspirers who what to go a pilot with a statement like We are giving wings to your dreams . Its pilot preparation plan is one of the finest in the state. The company states that as the public Airline of the United Arab Emirate, it has an huge vision. To see farther Emiratis taking their right place as pilots in lone of the fastest mounting air hoses on the planet. UAE National Graduate Entry Management Plan The public air hose of the UAE, Air Arabia, is puting in its mentality and would accordingly like to pass in people by giving them the opportunity to be 1 of the privileged pupils chosen to fall in its UNGEM plan. It states that by this plan, alumnuss will develop hardy leading abilities and organize a aggregation of professionals who are organized to run into rapidly spread outing and developing leading wants in assorted subdivisions within the company. ( Eyefortravel, 2008 ) Enhancing the lading bearer s flights: As shown from the part of net income from the lading and client units, the lading unit contributes around 65 % of the company s turnover, which depict the clear laterality of lading unit over the client unit in footings of net income. The company would wish to use this religion of people in Air Arabia s lading unit to derive extra market portion. Therefore as an enlargement program for lading unit, the company is telling more portion of lading planes as compared to that of rider planes. Cleavage and targeting: The Company had divided the consumer market into assorted sections based on income and profession. The section which appears to be the centre of consideration for the company is those of high gaining boniness people who need to go systematically and comfortably. Positioning: It s really consumer s perceptual experience about the service. Royal Jet, from the beginning has tried to set up as a symbol for a inexpensive but dependable air traffic concern spouse. Execution: Air Arabia greatly contributes in the UAE economic system. Recently it got an blessing to look on Dubai fiscal list. The Air Arabia is traveling to look on stock list of Dubai fiscal market and trading it will be started in few yearss. It has already started offering discounts on stocks to its clients. The national economic system of UAE is traveling to be benefited by the sort of schemes being forwarded by Air Arabia. Not merely are they traveling to hold a immense concern but besides a immense investing in the stocks by the common people. The market is traveling to be greatly affected. Many new services are being started. The UAE authorities believes that Air Arabia can alone increase the UAE economic system from traveling down. It has now met with 32 % net income which is the highest of all time in the recent old ages. For increasing its selling dimension, the company has invested over DH one million in footings of Ads, both online and print media. This would ensue in a long term net income for the company, though it s rather a heavy sum on the footing of company s current scenario. ( Arabia, 2009 ) Use of engineering: The Company has late brought 7 new aircrafts with increased capacities and progress engineering. As the company is still really new, about all of the aircrafts are in good status. Talking about other technological diffusion parametric quantities, the company has late brought a SAP system which is an adept system from Sap international. This expert system is Artificial Intelligence based and works on cognition representation instead than informations use, therefore is extremely proficient and progress. The operation unit exploits the SAP system to expeditiously supervise the assorted facets and stock list components. The company besides has an on-line terminus to book tickets and offers assorted programs in flights harmonizing to client demands. International flight linking Abu Dhabi to more than 45 international finishs in USA, Indian subcontinent etc. Air Arabia carried over 4.6 million riders, an augment of about 65.8 % over in 2006. Along with this, it besides griped 175,000 dozenss of cargo in 2007, which is an addition of over 75 % than the twelvemonth 2006. ( Ameinfo, 2009 ) Air Arabia owns complete portion is its two subordinates, Air Arabia Holidays, a travel group and vehicle rental company and Air Arabia Crystal Cargo , which provides cargo managing services. Air Arabia had a 24 hr aid line for its clients. Air Arabia besides provides cordial reception services by supplying impermanent adjustment in hotels. ( Arabia, 2009 ) The Air Arabia owned a group of 37 traveller and lading aeroplanes, as depicted by the information of January 2008 and it program is to increase its aircraft group to 300 by the twelvemonth 2020. Air Arabia is besides be aftering to wing over 25 million clients per twelvemonth by 2020 and to twofold the figure of metropolitans served from 50 to do it near 100. Market cleavage: Soon the market is segmented on the footing of income and going frequence of the people. It consequences in coevals of sections like high concern category consumers, consumers going excessively frequently but using less, touristry based consumers ( non fixed ) etc. Apart from these sections, a assortment of new sections can be created like low-spending domestic category, chiefly for touristry. As illustration of this section can be India s turning domestic air power market which depends small disbursement but big sized section. Talking about the rival s engagement in these sections, Etihad is a large participant of inexpensive flights sections along with Easy jet. Some other like Palm operates in multiple sections. Some rivals are head to head challenger of Air Arabia in Luxury market like Sky jets etc. Thus the rivals are widely spread in these sections. Mentions: Ameinfo ( 2009 ) , Air Arabia selling squad takes centre phase , retrieved on 1st November, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ameinfo.com/29672.html Eyefortravel ( 2008 ) , Air Arabia plans enlargement , retrieved on 1st November, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.eyefortravel.com/news/middle-east/air-arabia-plans-expansionddle-east/air-arabia-plans-expansion Lowcostairlinesworld ( 2009 ) , Invention and chance for traditional and low cost bearers and investors , retrieved on 31st October from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowcostairlinesworld.com/sg/programme.stm Air Arabia ( 2009 ) , Know us , retrieved on 1st November, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.airarabia.com/crp_1/know-more